What does long-arm jurisdiction specifically confer?

Long-arm jurisdiction specifically confers the ability of a court to exercise specific jurisdiction over a defendant based on that defendant's activities or connections with the state. This type of jurisdiction allows a state to reach beyond its borders to assert jurisdiction over individuals or entities that have engaged in conduct that has a substantial connection to the state, such as conducting business, committing a tort, or entering into a contract within that state.

The concept of specific jurisdiction is premised on the idea that it would be fair and reasonable to bring a defendant into a court in a state where they have purposefully availed themselves of the privileges of conducting activities there. This is foundational in ensuring that it does not create an undue burden on the defendant, as there must be a direct correlation between the defendant's activities and the state in which the court is located.

Options that suggest only general jurisdiction, exclusive jurisdiction over federal claims, or universal jurisdiction over non-residents do not align with the specific nature of long-arm jurisdiction, which focuses primarily on establishing a connection between the defendant's actions and the forum state rather than broader forms of jurisdiction.