What is the purpose of "discovery" in civil litigation?

The purpose of "discovery" in civil litigation is to exchange information and gather evidence. Discovery is a pre-trial phase in which parties involved in a lawsuit investigate the facts of the case and share relevant information with each other. This process plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and fairness within the legal system, allowing both sides to prepare adequately for trial by understanding the evidence and arguments that will be presented.

During discovery, various methods are employed, including interrogatories (written questions that require written answers), depositions (sworn testimony taken outside of court), requests for production of documents, and requests for admissions, among others. The information obtained during discovery helps parties assess the strengths and weaknesses of their cases, facilitates settlement discussions, and can ultimately lead to a more efficient trial process.

The other options pertain to different aspects of civil litigation. Finalizing court decisions is typically the outcome of a trial and not related to discovery. Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution method aimed at settling disputes outside of court, while presenting a case to a jury occurs during the trial phase, following the discovery process. Discovery is, therefore, distinct and essential for preparing the case for potential resolution, either through settlement or trial.